Everything about Tepal totally explained
Tepals are elements of the
perianth, or outer part of a flower, which include the
petals or
sepals. The term tepal is usually used when all segments of the perianth are of similar shape and color, or undifferentiated. When different types of organs can be distinguished, they're referred to as petals and sepals.
Undifferentiated tepals are thought to be the ancestral condition in
flowering plants.
Amborella, which is thought to have separated earliest in the evolution of flowering plants, has flowers with undifferentiated tepals. Distinct petals and sepals would therefore have arisen by differentiation, probably in response to animal pollination. In typical modern flowers, the first
whorl of organs forms sepals, specialised for protection of the flower bud as it develops, while the second whorl forms petals, which attract
pollinators.
In some plants the flowers have no petals, and all the tepals are sepals modified to look like petals. These organs are described as
petaloid, for example the sepals of
Hellebore.
Undifferentiated tepals are common in
Monocotyledons. In
tulips, for example, the first and second whorls both contain structures that look like petals. These are fused at the base to form one large, showy, six-parted structure. In
lilies the organs in the first whorl are separate from the second, but all look similar, thus all the showy parts are often called tepals.
Usage of the term 'tepal' is inconsistent - some authors refer to 'sepals and petals' where others use the word 'tepals' in the same context.
Image:Tulip_-_floriade_canberra02.jpg|A Tulip showing the petal-like tepals
Image:Anemone_coronaria_L_1.JPG|An Anemone flower showing the petaloid sepals
Image:2006-12-18Helleborus_niger19.jpg|An Hellebore flower showing the petaloid sepals
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